Concrete pavement.



A. R. PADDOCK.

CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 28, {BIG- Patented J une 26, 1917.

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CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2B. |916.

L23 1 A1 9 Patented June 26, 1917.

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ALBERT R. PADDOCK, F FARIVIDALE, OHIO.

CONCRETE PAVEMENT.

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i provided with expansion joints placed accurately and at short, regular intervals, both longitudinally and transversely throughout the slab, so as to completely avoid the most common defect in concrete pavements as ordinarily constructed,f, e., a slight upheaval, and, at times, a positive break in the surface of the pavement at the transverse expansion joints, due to uneven or excessive expansion.

According to the invention, concrete pave ing blocks, in the form of rims or shells, are

laid out in rows and supported at their corners upon surfacing blocks, whose upper and lower faces are covered with mortar, the surfacing blocks resting, in turn, upon the bed course. The paving blocks are bound along their marginal faces with strips of water-proof material which form the joints above referred to, and which yield to compensate for expansionand contraction. ln laying out the rows of paving blocks, the latter are spaced apart at intervals equal to the width of' the blocks, the arrangement of each succeeding row being the reverse of the preceding row, so that when all of the blocks have been positioned in this way, the whole will present a checkered or criss-cross appearance; and since the paving blocks rest upon the surfacing blocks, they will be supported above the bed course, thereby providing spaces which communicate both with the open central portions of the paving blocks, and with the open spaces between adjacent blocks. lt follows, therefore, that when these spaces are completely filled with plastic concrete, and the latter has set, the resultant structure will virtually form a singlehomogeneous body wherein the pav- Specicaton of Letters Patent. Pgpjlgntd Jun@ 26, 1917. Application filed November 28, 1916.

Serial No. 133,965.

ing blocks are firmly anchored, the dimensions of such body corresponding to those of the area to be paved.

Referring to the accompanying drawing, wherein an embodiment of the invention is illustrated Figure 1 is a plan view of a portion of the improved pavement.

Figs. 2 and 3 are transverse sections on the lines 2*2 and 3-3, Fig. 1, respectively, Fig. 3 being on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 4l is an enlarged edge view, partly in section, taken from the left-hand side of Fig. l.

Fig. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal section on line 5 5, Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the improved paving blocks.

Fig. 7 is a fragniental plan view, on a reduced scale, showing the arrangement of the blocks in constructing a curve in the pavement.

As shown in said drawing, the paving blocks used, are of skeleton construction. The block represented in F ig. G may be taken as illustrating the general shape preferred, though such shape, is, of course, susceptible of modification, as well as the dimensions of the block. In any case, however, whatever may be the precise marginal outline of the block, the latter comprises merely a skeleton, or rim-like body or shell 10, as aforesaid, which is constructed of solid concretc, suitably reinforced internally, the entire cenw tral portion 11 of the block being open. The reinforcements for the block are preferably constituted by flat wire bands 12 and 13, which are disposed longitudinally of' the side and end members respectively of the blocks, and are bent to form, substantially, two elongated triangles, arranged apex to apex, the adjacent end portions of the bands intersecting each other, and being'extended beyond their points of intersection, as clearly shown in Figs. 3, and 6. At their central portions,-that is to say, at the meeting points of the apex portions of the triangular members of the bands,-the said bands are intersected by relatively-small triangular members 14 and 15 likewise formed by wire bands, these members being disposed transversely of the side and end members of the blocks and having their free ends extending across the strands of the corresponding main bands 12 and 13 above. and below the same.

Each paving block is provided along its entire marginal face with a strip of yielding material 16, preferably tarred felt or paper, constituting the expansion joint above referred to. These strips are held in place by the butt ends of the various bands 12, 13, 14C

and 15, which project through the marginal faces' of the block and'take over said strips, so that the said bands function not only as reinforcements for the blocks, but also as fasteners for the strips, as will be apparent.

The paving blocks, as previously stated, are supported at their corners upon surfacing blocks, indicated at 17. These surfacing blocks are constructed of concrete, or other suitable material, and have coats of lnortar 18 applied to their opposite faces, so as to form joints between the paving and surfacing blocks, and between the latter and the bed course 19, said bed course being thoroughly compacted and trued to section, line andv grade previous to the laying of the surfacing blocks. The paving blocks are laid in the mortar on the upper faces of the surfacing blocks, and are themselves trued to the line and grade of the surface of the finished road, street or side walk, as the case may be, it being understood, of course, that the invention contemplates the application of the improved pavement alike tol any of these classes of highway, as well as to others of an analogous character. However, the pavement is primarily designed for application to roadways, and has been so illustrated.

In constructing the pavement, the spacing blocks are first laid in the proper manner upon the previously compacted and trued bed course from berm to berm, and are held in place by the mortar on their lower faces. The paving blocks are then laid out, row by row, the blocks in each row alternating with open spaces 20 of the same width as the blocks themselves, and the arrangement of blocks and spaces of each succeeding row being the reverse of that of the preceding row, so that when all of the rows have been laid out, the work will resemble a checker-board in its general appearance: The blocks of each row rest at their corners in the mortar on the upper faces of the surfacing blocks, and, in the ease of the blocks at the ends of the rows, additional surfacing blocks are used which support the entire outer side edges thereof, as shown in Figs. 1 and d. The ends of the paving blocks pro` ject a short distance into the open spaces 20 of the rows next in front and in rear thereof; and, in laying out a straight stretch of road, the extent of such projection or overlapping is the same for all of theblocks of a row. In laying out a curve, however, the extent of projection varies according to the degree of curvature; and, in the case of the blocks of a row, gradually decreases from the inner berm line to the outer berm line, as will be apparent upon inspection of Fig. 7.

Vhere open spaces occur at the ends of the rows,.wooden planks 21, or the like, are employed to close the outer sides of such openings, and are held in placehy means of suitable stakes 22, these planks being sufficiently long to completely span the openings and project at their ends across the outer side faces ofv the adjacent paving blocks. f v f The moimting of the paving blocks upon the surfacing blocks, has the effect of supporting the former above the bed course, so that spaces will be produced between the bottoms of the blocks and the bed course which communicate with one another and, also, with the openings or spaces 11 and 20, as well. Consequently, when the laying out of the rows has been completed and all of the openings have been entirely filled with concrete 23, the latter will pass through the various spaces and will form one large homogeneous body or slab, whose linear .dimensions areY those of the area to be paved, and whose thickness equals the combined thickness of the surfacing and paving blocks and the two mortar joints, the said surfacing and paving blocks being firmly anchored therein.

The construction of'a Vpavement in the manner-'above described, has the advantage of permitting not only careful inspection and testing of all of the paving blocks, but also of the crown, surfacing and alinement of the roadway, before the concrete filler is poured. Defective concrete filling may readily be detected upon final inspection, and, when discovered, can easily be dug out and replaced by proper material, since it will be found in distinctly-marked units of space,-. c., in the centers of and between the blocks. On the other hand, no test of the concrete is possible, under the method of construction ordinarily in use, until it has firmly set, a period of from three to ten days, when defective concrete may be found spread over wide irregular areas, very difficult to remove and to replace. Furthermore, the use of forms is avoided with the present system, thus overcoming the danger of irregularities in the alinement, crown and Y the side forms, which constitute,`the tracks for the templet, produces an irregularity in the surface of the roadway; while the course aggregate is often worked to the top by the templet, and causes a rough, unsightly surface, very diflicult to remedy. Finally, it will be apparent that where the pavement is to be constructed for light or medium traffic, a poorermiX of concrete may be used-to within two inches of the surface, and a richer miX from this point to the surface, thus greatly reducing the cost of construction. i

I claim as my invention:

l. A pavement in the form of a single continuous concrete slab whose lineal dimensions equal those of the area to be paved; said slab comprising rows of concrete paving blocks, the individuals of which are spaced apart at regular intervals, the arrangement of alternating blocks and spaces in each succeeding row being the reverse of that in the preceding row, surfacing blocks supporting said paving blocks above the surface of the road bed, so as to provide open spaces between the paving blocks and t-he road bed which communicate with one another and with the spaces between adjacent blocks, and a concrete filler completely occupying all of said open spaces and anchoring the paving blocks and surfacing blocks in place therein.

2. A pavement in the form of a single continuous concrete slab whose lineal dimensions equal those of the area to be paved; said slab comprising rows of concrete paving blocks, having open central portions, said paving blocks individually spaced apart at regular intervals, the arrangement of alternating blocks and spaces in each succeeding row being the reverse of that in the preceding row, surfacing blocks supporting said paving blocks above the surface of the road bed, so as to provide open spaces between the paving blocks and the road bed which communicate with one another, with the open portions of said blocks and with the open spaces between adjacent blocks, and a concrete filler 4completely occupying all of said open spaces and anchoring the paving blocks and surfacing blocks in place therein.

3. A pavement in the form of a single continuous concrete slab whose lineal dimensions equal those of theV area to be paved; said slab comprising rows of concrete paving blocks, the individuals of which are spaced apart at regular intervals, 'the arrangement of alternating blocks and spaces in each succeeding row being the reverse of that in the preceding row, surfacing blocks supporting said paving blocks above the surface of the road bed, so as to provide open spaces between the paving blofcksand the road bed which communicate with. one another and with the spaces be tween adjacent blocks, and a concrete ller occupying all of said open spaces and anchoring the paving blocks and surfacing blocks in place therein; each paving block having a strip of yielding, waterproofed material bound around its entire marginal surface, so as to form expansion joints placed accurately and at regular intervals, both longitudinally and transversely throughout the slab.

4L. A pavement in the form of a single continuous concrete slab whose lineal dimensions equal those of the area to be paved; said slab comprising rows of concrete paving' blocks, having open central portions, said paving blocks individually spaced apart at regular intervals, the arrangement of alternating blocks and spaces in each succeeding row being the reverse of that in the preceding row, surfacing blocks supporting said paving' blocks above the surface of the road bed, so as to provide open spaces between the paving blocks and lthe road bed which communicate with one another, with the open portions of said blocks and with the open spaces between adjacent blocks, and a concrete filler completely occupying all of said open spaces and anchoring the paving blocks and surfacing blocks in place therein; each paving block having a strip of yielding, waterproofed material bound around its entire marginal surface, so as to form expansion joints placed accurately and at regular intervals, both longitudinally and transversely throughout the slab.

5. A pavement in the form of a single continuous concrete slab whose lineal dimensions equal those of the area to be paved; said slab comprising rows of concrete paving blocks, the individuals of which are spaced apart at regular intervals, the arrangement of alternating blocks and spaces in each succeeding row being the reverse of that in the preceding row, surfacing blocks supporting said paving blocks above the surface of the road bed, so as to provide open spaces between the paving blocks and the road bed which communicate with one another and with the spaces between adjacent blocks, and a concrete iiller completely occupying all of said open spaces and anchoring the paving blocks and surfacing blocks in place therein; each paving block having a strip of yielding, tai-red material bound around its entire marginal surface, so as to form expansion joints placed accurately and at regular intervals, both longitudinally and transversely throughout the slab.

6. A skeleton paving block, comprising a shell or rim of solid concrete having intern nal reinforcing devices embedded therein anlr projecting through the outer marginal my hand in presence of tWo Subscribing Witsurface thereof, and a continuous strip of nesses.

ieldinof, Water roof material bound enfirely ground sid outer marginal surface ALBERT R' PADDOCK 5 and retained in place by the projecting por- Witnesses: tions of said reinforcing devices. R. M. EvANs, In testimony whereof I have hereunto set A. T. ROOT.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

